A GOOD WOMAN (mainly Wife)...

Dear sisters and brothers in Islam,
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST GRACIOUS: MOST KNOWING!

Assalamu Alaikum Warahmathullahi Wabarakathuh!

When we talk about the status of woman in Islam, it should not lead us to think that Islam has no specific guidelines, limitations, responsibilities and obligations for men. What makes one valuable and respectable in the eyes of Allah, the Creator of mankind and the universe, is neither one's prosperity, position, intelligence, physical strength nor beauty, but only one's Allah-consciousness and awareness (taqwa).

Just look at the Holy verse1 from the Quran chapter 4.
"O Mankind, keep your duty to your Lord who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate (of same kind) and from them twain has spread a multitude of men and women" .

A scholar who pondered about this verse stated: "It is believed that there is no text, old or new, that deals with the humanity of the woman from all aspects with such amazing brevity, eloquence, depth, and originality as this divine decree."

Just look at the beauty in those words.Allah is never unjust.He created the woman because He wanted the man to have a partner.He wanted the man to enjoy the beauty of life, the nature that Allah has created.
Allah says:
" He (God) it is who did create you from a single soul and therefrom did create his mate, that he might dwell with her (in love)..".(Qur'an 7:189)

"The Creator of heavens and earth: He has made for you pairs from among yourselves ..."
Qur'an 42:1 1

"And Allah has given you mates of your own nature, and has given you from your mates, children and grandchildren, and has made provision of good things for you. Is it then in vanity that they believe and in the grace of God that they disbelieve? "Qur'an 16:72

The Prophet (pbuh)said, regarding women:"This life is a joy and its best joy is a good wife."[Sahih Muslim]

Today under the influence of many other faiths , cultures and misquoted/misinterpreted verses, men like to blame women and disregard them,they love to degrade women calling them the cursed creatures.
Although many had misquoted, woman according to the Qur'an is not blamed for Adam's(A.S) first mistake. Both were jointly wrong in their disobedience to Allah (swt),and both repented, and both were forgiven.Please refer to the verses (Qur'an 2:36, 7:20 - 24).

The Prophet of Allah (pbuh) said ,"A women is married for four reasons: for her wealth, for her fame, for her beauty and for her (adherence to) religion. So marry one for her religion and you will win." [Bukbari & Muslim]

The above Hadith emphasize the importance of marrying a good Muslim woman. This is why Muslim men should always seek such women to be happy in this life.

Following are some of the characteristics of a good wife:

1. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to Allah and to their husbands) and guard in the husband's absence what Allah orders them to guard (e.g. their honor, husband's property, etc). [4:34].
Ibn Katheer said, "Ibn Abbas said, 'The righteous women are obedient to their husbands (Qanitaat). Also ibn Katheer said, "Imam Suddi said, 'They (good wives) protect their husbands' honor and money in their absence."'

2. Ibn Hibban narrated that the Prophet (pbuh)said, what translated means, "If a woman prayed the five prayers, fasted in Ramadhan, protected her honor and obeyed her husband; then she will be told (on the Day of Judgment): enter Paradise from any of its (eight) doors.

3. -- The Prophet(pbuh) said, "Your women who will enter Paradise are those nice to their husbands, who bear children, and those who keep checking the needs of their husbands. If her husband gets angry with her, she would hold his hand and say : "By Allah, I will not sleep until you forgive me" [as-Silsilah as-Sahiha]

4. -an-Nasa'i narrated that the Prophet(pbuh) was asked, "Who are the best of women?" HE said, "The one who pleases him (her husband) if he looks at her, obeys him if he orders (her) and does not subject her honor or money to what he dislikes."


From the above Hadiths, we can sum up the characteristics of a good wife:

1--She is a good Muslim, obedient to Allah and His Messenger.
2--She performs the five regular prayers and fasts Ramadhan.
3--She is obedient to her husband, unless he orders her to do evil.
4--She protects her husband's money and honor in his absence.
5--She is always nice to her husband, checking on his needs.
6--She always tries to please and calm him if he is angry or upset.
7--She bears his children and does not ask him for divorce for no reason.
8--She tries to always look and smell nice for her spouse.

Advice for Muslim Sisters:

1 -- Avoid angering your husband. The Prophet (pbuh) mentioned that among the three that Allah does not accept their prayer are, "A wife who goes to sleep while her husband is angry with her." [At-Tirmithi].

2 -- Avoid harming your husband in any way, "If a woman harms (in any way) her husband, then his wife in Paradise tells her: 'Do not harm him, may Allah fight you, he is only staying temporarily with you. Soon he will come to us.' [Ahmad & At-Tirmithi].

3 -- Avoid being unappreciative or unthankful to your husband, "Allah does not look to the woman who does not appreciate her husband while she cannot stand his departing her." [An-Nasaii].

4 - Do not ask your husband for divorce for no reason. The Prophet(pbuh) warned women who ask for divorce for no sound reason in his Hadith, "Any woman who asks her husband for divorce for no reason will not smell the fragrance of Paradise. [Sahih Al-Jamii].

5 -- Do not obey your husband if he asks you to do prohibited matters, "Do not disobey the Creator to obey any human."[Ahmad & Al-Hakim].

6 -- Avoid voluntary fasting without your husband's permission, unless he is absent, "A woman does (must) not fast while her husband is present without his permission, except in Ramadhan." [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]. This Hadith emphasizes the importance of the wife satisfying her husbands sexual needs. If the husband agrees, then the wife can do volunteer fasting, satisfied that she fulfilled her obligation towards ber husband.

7 -- It is a major sin to deny your husband sexual pleasure. The Prophet (pbuh) said, what translated means, "If a man calls his wife to bed and she refuses till he slept while angry, then the Angles will curse her till the morning." [Muslim].
Muslim men have no other means to satisfy them but through Their wives. Therefore, the very essence of marriage will be destroyed if men are denied this right by their wives.

8 - It is a major sin for husbands and wives to tell others what they do in bed. The Prophet (pbuh)described the ones who do that as, "A devil who meets a fem ale devil and has intercourse with her in public" [Ahmad].

9 -- The Prophet(pbuh) ordered every Muslim woman not to let anyone into their houses, "Unless he (her husband) gives her permission." [Al-Bukhari].

10 -- Muslim women do not have the habit of going in and out of their houses without necessity. Allah said, what translated means, "And stay in your houses" [33:33].

To conclude the note"
The Prophet(pbuh) said, what translated means "All of my nation (Ummah) will enter Paradise except those who refuse." When he was asked to identify those who refuse, he said, "Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me will (be the one who) refuse." [Al-Bukhari].

A good, righteous Muslim woman seeks the pleasure of Allah more than anything else. She tries her best to acquire the qualities of a good wife, found in the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger.
Total obedience to Allah and adherence to the Sunnah of His Messenger, is the most important of those qualities.

Ibn Katheer said, "The man is the woman's protector, supervisor and head of the family".
To emphasize this even more, the Prophet (pbuh)said, if a wife does not fulfill her obligations towards her husband, then she will not have fulfilled her obligations towards Allah." [Ahmad].

Ibn Taimiyah said in AI-Fatawa, "The righteous woman is the one who consistently obeys her husband. Her obligation to her husband comes second only after her obligation to Allah."

Therefore, every Muslim woman should seek to attain, in herself, the qualities of a good wife, by obeying Allah and His Prophet, a path that will lead to entering paradise. Also, if Muslim wives implement these qualities, then their marriage will be full of happiness.

The best of advice to every Muslim man and woman is to avoid the ways of the Kuffar. The Kuffar do not build their families on religion, but on their desires. . In Islam, men and women have different roles. More duties are assigned to men, while woman have more influence in the way their children are raised. A Muslim woman spends much more time with the children than her husband does. If families are not built on the way that Allah ordained, then misery, and later, divorce, will be the result.

Allah will bless such a marriage where both the husband and the wife obey Him and fulfill their obligations towards each other. He said, "It is not for a believer man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in a lain error!" [33:36].

Khadeejah(r.a), the wife of the Prophet(pbuh), ranked high among the Muslim women of all time, This was a result of her unwavering support of her best of husbands. She believed in him, offered him emotional and financial support, and reassured him in times of worry. Allah has granted her Paradise for this crucial role she played in the life of the Prophet(pbuh), and hence, in the life of every Muslim. The Prophet (pbuh)treasured her memory and kept relations with her friends long after her death.
Allah has granted her the position of being the mother of all the decedents of the Prophet of Allah.
All Muslim women should benefit from the example of Khadeejah(r.a), that they may reach her status among the righteous women in Paradise.

Dear sister, hope and pray that you had read the note above and understood its context and your duty and responsibilty as a Muslim Woman.
Dear brothers, rather than making this another note, please share it with every Muslim woman that you know. if you can make a change in one woman's life today, that will be more rewarding than feeding thousands of people.

Allah knows Best!

FRIENDSHIP between Girl & Boy is forbidden!!!

Close Friends --> Crush --> Relationship --> Heartbroken --> Loss of iman and taqwa... Nauzubillah!!!


How often we see, experience or hear of this same old story! but when are gonna take heed of the laws which Allah placed for us to protect us from this... When a man and woman are alone together the 3rd is shaitan why ......give the devil the chance to destroy you.....



The Proof that Allah forbids the intermingling of the sexes:

Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them." and says: "And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty." [Noble Quran 24:30-31]

Allah says: "And when you ask the ladies for anything, ask them from behind a screen. That makes for greater purity for your hearts and for theirs." [Noble Quran 33:53]

The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade men and women from being alone together. He said: "Never is a man alone with a woman except that Satan is the third party with them."

The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said: "Do not enter into the company of women." A man then asked him: "What about her male in-laws?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) replied: "The in-law is the most dangerous".

The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said: "It is better for one of you to be pierced by a steel pin in his head than to touch the hand of a strange woman."

Allah says: "Be not too complaisant of speech, lest one in whose heart is a disease should be moved with desire: but speak with a speech (that is) proper." [Noble Quran 33:32].

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Any woman who puts on perfume then goes and passes by some men to let them find her scent is a type of adulteress." [Musnad Ahmad, Tirmidhi]

Umm Salamah said: "When the Prophet (peace be upon him) completed the prayer, the women would get up to leave. He would then wait awhile before standing." Ibn Shahab said: "I believe that he waited for a while to give the women an opportunity to depart before the men." [Sahih al-Bukhari]

One of `Ayshah's handmaidens came to her and said: "O Mother of believers, I went around the Ka'bah seven times and touched the corner twice or trice". `Ayshah replied: "May Allah not reward you for pushing your way through men. It would have been sufficient for you to you to say "Allah Akbar" as you passed by". [Musnad al-Shafi'i

The Prophet said: "We went on and arrived near a pit which was like and oven, out of which we could hear cries. We glanced into it and naked men and women, who cried out when the flames reached them from below. I asked: 'Who are these, O Gabriel?' He replied, 'Males and females who have committed fornication.'" [Bukhari]

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
a: "The man who has laid his hand with lust on a woman who is not permissible to him will come on the Day of Judgment with his hand tied to his neck.
b: If he kissed her, his lips will be cut in the Fire, and
c: If he had sexual intercourse with her, his private parts will speak against him in the Day of Judgment saying... See More... See More... See More: 'I did what was forbidden.'

Allah Most High will look at him with anger, and the flesh on his face will sag and he will look haggard and old. He will say: 'What did I do?'

His tongue will witness against him saying, 'I said what was forbidden';
his hands will speak and say, 'We reached for what was forbidden';
each of his feet will say. 'I went to a forbidden place.'; and
his private parts will say, 'I did it.'

An one of the guardian angels will say, 'I heard it.' and the other guardian angel will say, 'I wrote it,' and Allah Most High will say, 'I knew it but I concealed it.' Then He will say 'My angels, take him and give him a taste of My punishment. Great is My anger against the man who had so little shame towards Me!'"

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This presentation is made by Sister is Islam "Amirah" and requested as follows:

PS. Please Please Please dear brothers do not send me anymore friendship requests, i do not add brothers onto my facebook page as this is private. If you need to contact me for anything dawah related then inshallah you can find me on the groups page as admin and send me a message, though i would prefer you reach brother omar and the sisters to reach me to prevent fitna , jazakumullahu khair. :)

Quran, Hadith, Science, Reality: All advice for Early Marriage

OUR MODERN (!?) GIRLS EXPECTATION FOR FUTURE HUSBAND HAS RAISED TO SKY LEVEL. THEY ARE DELAYING FOR MARRIAGE AND DEPRIVED THEMSELVES...AND THE BOYS TOO...
MODERN BOYS ALSO AFRAID ABOUT THESE GIRLS TO MEET THEIR SKY LEVEL DEMAND...
AS A RESULT MANY KIND OF INDISCIPLNED SPREADED IN THE SOCIETY CHATING, FRIENDSHIP ( Boy Friend / Girl Friend, In some Magazines people write the stories about the Sex with His Girl Friend), RAPE, TEASE, FORNICATION, ADULTERIES, ETC... INCREASING DAY BY DAY...BUT DONT FIND SOLUTION THOUGH ALL ARE MUSLIMS!!!

Medical Science says that:-
For Girls their best time is 13 years - 35 years (for 80% Females and balnace 20% upto 45yrs) for Marry and become a Mother. If a girl dont become mother of her 1st child before 30 years then it will create danger for her.

MODERN GIRLS DELAYED MARRIAGE FOR HIGHER STUDY & RICH HUSBAND.
-We forget that Wealth is not for whole life,
-nobody knows what will be happened tomorrow/in future.
-Your Rich Husband can loose his leg/hands by accidents, can die,
-can loose the job,
-can give loss in business.

So, Future is always uncertain. You have to ready to face any situation in your life. And this is not TRUE that ONLY Wealthy people are happy.

WE HAVE TO FOLLOW QURAN AND HADITH AS A MUSLIM

And marry those among you who are single (i.e. a man who has no wife and the woman who has no husband) and (also marry) the Sâlihûn (pious, fit and capable ones) of your (male) slaves and maid-servants (female slaves). If they be poor, Allâh will enrich them out of His Bounty. And Allâh is All-Sufficent for His creatures’ needs, All-Knowing (about the state of the people). 24:32

BUKHARI: Volume 7, Book 62, Number 4: Narrated 'Abdullah:

We were with the Prophet while we were young and had no wealth whatever. So Allah's Apostle said, "O young people! Whoever among you can marry, should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse etc.), and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power."
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And let those who find not the financial means for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allâh enriches them of His Bounty. And such of your slaves as seek a writing (of emancipation), give them such writing, if you know that they are good and trustworthy. And give them something yourselves out of the wealth of Allâh which He has bestowed upon you. And force not your maids to prostitution, if they desire chastity, in order that you may make a gain in the (perishable) goods of this worldly life. But if anyone compels them (to prostitution), then after such compulsion, Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (to those women, i.e. He will forgive them because they have been forced to do this evil action unwillingly).24:33

BUKHARI: Volume 7, Book 62, Number 7: Narrated Said bin Jubair:

Ibn 'Abbas asked me, "Are you married?" I replied, "No." He said, "Marry, for the best person of this (Muslim) nation (i.e., Muhammad) of all other Muslims, had the largest number of wives."

Volume 7, Book 62, Number 17: Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:

When I got married, Allah's Apostle said to me, "What type of lady have you married?" I replied, "I have married a matron' He said, "Why, don't you have a liking for the virgins and for fondling them?" Jabir also said: Allah's Apostle said, "Why didn't you marry a young girl so that you might play with her and she with you?'


Volume 7, Book 62, Number 20: Narrated Abu Burda's father:

Allah's Apostle said, any man who has a slave girl whom he educates properly, teaches good manners, manumits and marries her, will get a double reward And if any man of the people of the Scriptures believes in his own prophet and then believes in me too, he will (also) get a double reward And any slave who fulfills his duty to his master and to his Lord, will (also) get a double reward."

Understanding Islam

1) The deen (religion) of Islam: It is the way of life that Allaah sent the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) with. By it, Allaah terminated the validity of all other religions, perfected this religion for His worshippers, completed His favour upon them and has chosen only this religion for them - no other religion will be accepted by Him from anyone. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:



{Muhammad is not the father of any man amongst you. Rather he is the Messenger of Allaah and the khaatim (last and final) of the Prophets}, [Soorah al-Ahzaab, Aayah 40]



{This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 3]



{Indeed the religion with Allaah is Islam}, [Soorah Aal-'lmraan, Aayah 19]



{Whosoever seeks a religion other than Islam, never will it be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers}, [Soorah Aal-'Imraan, Aayah 85]



And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) obligated all of mankind to take Islam as their religion. So Allaah said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):



{Say: O mankind! Indeed I have been sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah; to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. None has the right to be worshipped except Him; it is He who gives life and causes death. So believe in Allaah and His Messenger - the Prophet who can neither read nor write - who believes in Allaah and His Words. So follow the Messenger of Allaah so that you may be rightly-guided}, [Soorah al-A'raaf Aayah 158]



And in Saheeh Muslim (1/93), from Abu Hurayrah radhi-yallaahu 'anhu that Allaah's Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) said:



«By Him in whose Hand is the life of Muhammad! There is no one from this nation, be he a Jew or a Christian, who hears of me and then dies without believing in the Message that I was sent with, except that he will be one of the Companions of the Hellfire».



And eemaan (faith) in the Prophet implies: affirming that which he was sent with, along with acceptance of it and submission to it. Without these two matters, mere affirmation is not sufficient. This is why even though Abu Taalib (the Prophet's uncle) affirmed what was sent to the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) and that Islam was the best of religions, yet he did not accept his message nor submit to it; and thus he did not have eemaan, in the Prophet (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam).



2) The religion of Islam contains all that was beneficial from the previous religions. It is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):



{And We have sent down to you the Book in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it testifying to the truth contained therein whilst exposing the falsehood that has been added therein}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 48]



That Islam is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation does not mean that it becomes submissive to nations - being altered and changed by them - as some people falsely think. But rather it means that whenever it is truly adhered to then it brings benefit and goodness to that nation, as well as reforming and correcting it - in whatever age or place.



3) The religion of Islam is the religion of truth. It is the way of life that Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) guaranteed His help and victory for those who truly adhere to it, and that He would make it dominant over all other religions.



Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:



{It is He who has sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, that it may prevail over all other religions, even if the pagans detest it}, [Soorah at-Tawbah, Aayah 33]



And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:



{Allaah has promised to those amongst you who truly have eemaan (true faith and belief) and act in obedience to Allaah and His Messenger, that He will grant them rulership upon the earth, just as He granted it to those before them, and that He will establish their Religion for them and grant them the authority to practice their Religion which He chose and ordered them with. And He will certainly change their situation to one of security, after their fear. Providing that they worship and obey Me, not associating anything else in worship with Me. Then, whoever rejects this favour by disobedience to their Lord - then they are the rebellious transgressors}, [Soorah an-Noor, Aayah 55]



4) The religion of Islam is a complete religion comprising both 'aqeedah (beliefs) and Sharee'ah (laws).



It commands them with tawheed (to single out Allaah alone for worship) and prohibits them from shirk (associating partners with Allaah in that which is particular to Him).



• It commands them with being truthful and prohibits them from lying.



• It commands them with 'adl (justice) and prohibits them from injustice and oppression.



• It commands them with fulfilling trusts and prohibits them from acting treacherously.



• It commands them with keeping promises and prohibits them from breaking them.



• It commands them with kindness and good treatment of parents and prohibits them from disobedience to them in that which is not sinful.



• It commands them with joining the ties of relations and prohibits them from severing them.



• It commands them with good treatment of neighbours and prohibits the causing of harm to them.



In short, Islam orders all that is good, from manners and morals, and prohibits all that is evil from it.



Likewise, it orders all actions which are righteous and good and prohibits all actions that are evil and harmful.



Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:



{Indeed Allaah enjoins upon you justice, kindness and the giving of good to relatives and near ones. And He prohibits you from all shameful and evil deeds, oppression and transgression. Thus He admonishes you, that you may take heed and be reminded}, [Soorah an-Nahl, Aayah 90].



Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen

Sharh Usool al-Eemaan - Pages 4-7

The Muslim's Creed

Question No.1

Why has Allaah created us?



Answer

To worship Him alone and to worship no other besides Him.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And I have not created Jinn and human beings except they should worship Me}, {Soorah adh-Dhaariyaat, Aayah 56]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The right of Allaah upon slaves is to worship Him and not to associate partners with Him», Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.2

How should we worship Allaah?



Answer

As Allaah and His Messenger commanded us.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none but Him alone}, {Soorah al-Bayyinah, Aayah 5]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever does any deed (in religion) which our matter in not in accordance with, it will not be accepted», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.3

Should we worship Allaah with fear and hope?



Answer

Yes, we worship Him with fear and hope.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And invoke Him with fear and hope}, {Soorah al-A'raaf, Aayah 56]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«I beseech Allaah to grant me Paradise and I seek refuge in Him from Hellfire», [Transmitted by Abu Daawood]





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Question No.4

What is Ihsaan (perfection in worship)?



Answer

Ihsaan is to be conscious that Allaah sees us during worship.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Who sees you (O Muhammad) when you stand up (alone at night for Tahajjud prayer)}, {Soorah ash-Shu'araa, Aayah's 218]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Ihsaan is to worship Allaah as if you are seeing Him, yet truly He is seeing you», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.5

Why did Allaah send the Messengers?



Answer

To call mankind to His worship and to reject the worship of anything besides Allaah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And verily We have sent among every nation a Messenger (proclaiming) worship Allaah alone and avoid Taaghoot (false deities)}, {Soorah an-Nahl, Aayah 36]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The prophets are brothers and their faith is one», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.6

What is meant by (Tawheed) oneness of Allaah?



Answer

It means devoting worship to him alone like supplication, vow, judgment.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{So know (O Muhammad) that there is no God except Allaah}, {Soorah Muhammad, Aayah 19]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Let the first thing you invite them to do is to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allaah», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.7

What is the meaning of there is no God but Allaah?



Answer

It means there is no deity that truly deserves to be worshipped except Allaah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{That is because Allaah, He is the truth and that is which they invoke besides Him is al-Baatil (falsehood, Satan, and all other deities)}, {Soorah al-Hajj, Aayah 62]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever says there is no God except Allaah and rejects whatever is worshipped besides Allaah, his property and blood become sacrosanct and his reckoning with Allaah , the Mighty and Exalted», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.8

What is meant by oneness of names and attributes of Allaah?



Answer

To confirm the names and attributes as Allaah described them in His Book and as His Messenger described them in authentic Sunnah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{There is nothing like unto Him and His the All-Hearer, the All-Seer}, {Soorah ash-Shooraa, Aayah 11]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah descends each night to the first heaven», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.9

What is the benefit of monotheism (oneness of Allaah) to the Muslim?



Answer

Right guidance in this world and salvation from eternal punishment in the Hereafter.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{It is those who believe (in oneness of Allaah) and confuse not their belief with Thulm (wrong) by worshipping others besides Allaah) for them (only) there is security and they are guided}, {Soorah al-An'aam, Aayah 82]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The right of worshippers upon Allaah is that He will not punish those who worship none beside Him», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.10

Where is Allaah?



Answer

Allaah is over the Throne which is above the seven heavens.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{ar-Rahmaan (The Merciful) Istawaa (rose over) the Throne}, {Soorah Taa Haa, Aayah 5]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah wrote out in a book with Him over the throne that His Mercy preceded His Wrath», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree]





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Question No.11

Is Allaah with us by His entity or knowledge?



Answer

Allaah with us by His knowledge, He hears and sees us.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{He (Allaah) said: Fear not, verily I am with you both, Hearing and Seeing}, {Soorah Taa Haa, Aayah 46]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«You call upon the one Who hears, Who is near and is with you», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.12

What is the greatest sin with Allaah?



Answer

It is the major Shirk (polytheism).



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Verily whoever sets partners with Allaah, then Allaah has forbidden paradise for him and the Fire will be his abode}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 72]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The Prophet was asked : what is the greater sin , he said: To ascribe partners to Allaah even though he created you», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree]





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Question No.13

What is the major shirk (polytheism)?



Answer

It is to devote any forms of worship to one other than Allaah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Verily Allaah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him in worship, but He forgives except that to whom He pleases}, {Soorah an-Nisaa., Aayah 48]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The greatest sins are polytheism etc.», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.14

What is the harm of major shirk?



Answer

The reason for eternity in Hellfire.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Verily whoever assigns partners (commits Shirk) to Allaah, Allaah makes it impermissible for him to enter al-Jannah}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 72]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever died while joining partners with Allaah (commits Shirk) enters Hellfire», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.15

Are good deeds of any benefit to one who worships others besides Allaah?



Answer

No, good deeds are of no benefit to those who worship others besides Allaah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{But if they had joined in worship others with Allaah, all that they used to do would have been of no benefit to them}, {Soorah al-An'aam, Aayah 88]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Who ever does any deed in which he associates partners with Me, I reject him and his Shirk», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.16

Does Shirk exist among Muslims today?



Answer

Yes, it does exist.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And most of them believe not in Allaah except that they attribute partners (unto Him)}, {Soorah Yoosuf, Aayah 106]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The doom Day will not occur until some tribes of my Ummah (Islamic nation) have joined the idolaters and they will even worship idols», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee]





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Question No.17

What is ruling concerning praying (supplicating) to other than Allaah like the dead?



Answer

Praying to them is a major Shirk.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Invoke not with Allaah another ilaah (God) Lest you be among those who receive punishment}, {Soorah ash-Shu'araa, Aayah 213]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever dies having called upon partners besides Allaah shall enter Hellfire», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree]





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Question No.18

Is supplication a form of worship?



Answer

Yes, supplication is worship.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And your Lord said: Invoke Me, I will respond to your invocation}, {Soorah Ghaafir, Aayah 60]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Supplication is worship», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee]





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Question No.19

Do dead hear our supplication?



Answer

No, they do not hear.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{But you can not make hear those who are in graves}, {Soorah Faatir, Aayah 22]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah Has assigned angels to inform me of my nation salutation», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.20

Do we seek help from those who are dead, or from those who are not present?



Answer

No we do not seek help from, we rather seek help from Allaah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Remember when you sought help of your Lord, and He answered you}, {Soorah al-Anfaal, Aayah 9]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«O Ever-Living, Self-Subsistent, upon Him all subsist, I seek help through Your Mercy», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee]





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Question No.21

Is it permitted to seek help from any other besides Allaah?



Answer

No, it is not permitted.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{You (alone) we worship and you (alone) we ask for help}, {Soorah al-Faatihah, Aayah 5]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«If you ask, ask of Allaah, if you seek help seek help of Allaah», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee]





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Question No.22

May seek help from the living?



Answer

Yes, in the matters in which they are able to help.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Help one another in al-Birr and at-Taqwa (virtue, righteousness)}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 2]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah helps the worshipper as long as the worshipper helps his brother», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.23

Is it allowed to make vows to other than Allaah?



Answer

No, it is not allowed to swear oaths except in Allaah's Name.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{O my Lord I have vowed to You what is in my womb to be dedicated for Your services}, {Soorah Aal-'Imraan, Aayah 35]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever vows to obey Allaah should obey Him, and whoever vows to disobey Him should not disobey Him», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree]





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Question No.24

Is it allowed to sacrifice in any name besides Allaah?



Answer

No, it is not allowed.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Therefore turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only)}, {Soorah al-Kowthar, Aayah 2]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah curses whoever sacrifices and slaughters in any name other than Allaah», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.25

Is it permitted to circumambulate the graves of pious men?



Answer

No, it is not allowed.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And circumambulate the Ancient House (the Ka'bah in Makkah)}, {Soorah al-Hajj, Aayah 29]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever circumambulate the House (Ka'bah) seven times and prays two rak'ah», [Transmitted by Ibn Maajah]





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Question No.26

Is it allowed to pray while the grave is in front of you?



Answer

No, it is not allowed.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{So turn your face in the direction of al-Masjid al-Haraam}, {Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 144]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Don't sit on the graves and do not pray towards them», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.27

What is the ruling in Islam concerning the practice of sihr (black magic/sorcery)?



Answer

The practice of sihr is considered an act of disbelief.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{But the Devils disbelieved, teaching men sihr (magic and such things)}, {Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 102]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Avoid seven destroyers: Shirk, sihr…», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.28

Should we believe the claims of fortunetellers and soothsayers?



Answer

No, we should not believe them.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Say: None in the heavens and the earth knows the Ghayb (unseen)}, {Soorah an-Naml, Aayah 65]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever goes to a fortuneteller or soothsayer, and believe what they say, has disbelieved in what has been revealed to Muhammad», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.29

Does any one have the knowledge of the (unseen)?



Answer

No one but Allaah alone has the knowledge of the unseen.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And with Him are the keys of Ghayb (unseen), none knows them but He}, {Soorah al-An'aam, Aayah 59]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«No one has the knowledge of the unseen except Allaah», [Transmitted by at-Tabaraanee]





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Question No.30

By what sources do the Muslims govern?



Answer

Muslims govern by laws laid down in the Qur.aan and authentic Ahadeeth.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And so judge (you O Muhammad) between them by what Allaah has revealed}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 49]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Allaah is the judge and to whom is the return», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.31

What is the ruling in Islam concerning applying non – Islamic laws?



Answer

It is an act of disbelief.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And whosoever does not judge by what Allaah has revealed, such are the disbelievers}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 44]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«When the leaders do not rule by Allaah's Book (Qur.aan) and choose the good from that which Allaah has revealed, Allaah will cause conflict among them», [Transmitted by Ibn Maajah]





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Question No.32

Is it permitted to swear by other than Allaah's Name?



Answer

No, it is not permitted.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Say: Yes! By my Lord you will certainly be resurrected}, {Soorah at-Taghaabun, Aayah 7]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever swears by anyone other than Allaah, has associated partners with Allaah», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.33

Should we wear good luck charms (like amulets or talismans)?



Answer

No, we should not wear them.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And if Allaah touches you with harm none can remove it but He}, {Soorah al-An'aam, Aayah 17]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever wears an amulet has committed Shirk», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.34

Through what may we seek intercession with Allaah?



Answer

By His Names and Attributes.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And (all ) the most beautiful Names belong to Allaah, so call on Him by them}, {Soorah al-A'raaf, Aayah 180]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«I ask you by all your names, with which you wave named your self», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.35

Does any supplication to Allaah require a human intermediary?



Answer

No, prayer does not require a human intermediary.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And when my slaves ask you (O Muhammad) concerning Me, then I am indeed near (to them by My knowledge)}, {Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 186]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«You pray to the one who hears all and He is near and He is with you», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.36

What is the mediation (waasitah) of the Messenger?



Answer

The mediation of the Messenger is the transmission of Allaah's Message.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{O Messenger (Muhammad) proclaim what has been sent down to you from your Lord}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 67]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Oh Allaah, have I proclaimed your message? Oh Allaah bear witness. (In response to the statement of the Sahaabah, "Indeed, we bear witness that you have proclaimed the message.")», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.37

From whom may we seek the Messenger's intercession?



Answer

From Allaah alone.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Say: To Allaah belongs all intercession}, {Soorah az-Zumar, Aayah 44]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Oh Allaah grant to him (the Prophet) intercession for me», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee]





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Question No.38

How do we demonstrate our love for Allaah and his Messenger?



Answer

By obeying and following their commands.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Say (O Muhammad to mankind) if you really love Allaah then follow me, Allaah will love you}, {Soorah Aal-'Imraan, Aayah 31]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«None of you have perfect faith until you love me more than your parents, children, and all mankind», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.39

Should we be excessive in our praise for the Messenger?



Answer

No, we should not be excessive in our praise to him.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Say I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your god is one ilaah (Allaah)}, {Soorah al-Kahf, Aayah 110]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Do not exaggerate in praising me, I am only a slave. So say Allaah's slave and Messenger», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree]





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Question No.40

Who were the first creation?



Answer

From human being was Adam and from things was the pen.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Remember when your Lord said to the angels truly I am going to create man from clay}, {Soorah Sa'd, Aayah 71]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The first thing created by Allaah was the pen», [Transmitted by at-Tirmidhee and Abu Daawood]





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Question No.41

From what was Prophet Muhammad created?



Answer

He was created from Nutfah (drops of semen - male and female discharges).



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{It is He Who created you (Adam) from dust, then from a Nutfah}, {Soorah Ghaafir, Aayah 67]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«In every one of you, all components are created together in your mother's womb by 40 days», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.42

What is the status of jihad for the sake of Allaah in Islam?



Answer

It is obligatory with lives, wealth and speech.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{March forth , whether you are light (being healthy, young and wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and poor) strive hard with your wealth and your lives in the cause of Allaah}, {Soorah at-Towbah, Aayah 41]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Fight against the polytheisms with your wealth, lives and speech», [Transmitted by Abu Daawood]





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Question No.43

What is Walaa (friendship and loyalty)?



Answer

Walaa (friendship and loyalty) is love and help of the faithful believers.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{The believers men and women are Awliyaa (helpers, supporters friends and protectors) of one another}, {Soorah at-Towbah, Aayah 71]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The faithful believers are as a brick structure, each supporting the other», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.44

Is seeking the friendship and help of disbelievers permitted?



Answer

No, it s not permitted.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And if any amongst you take them as Auliyaa then surely he is one of them}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 51]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«The people of such and such clan are not my supporters (Awliyaa)», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.45

Who is Walee (friend)?



Answer

A Walee is a true believer, who fears Allaah very much.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Verily, Awliyaa of Allaah no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve}, {Soorah Yoonus, Aayah's 62-63]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«My only Walee is Allaah then the most pious among the true believers», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.46

Why did Allaah reveal the Qur.aan?



Answer

So as to apply it to our daily life.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Follow what has been sent down to you from your Lord}, {Soorah al-A'raaf, Aayah 3]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Read Qur.aan and apply it, do not make your living from it», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.47

Is the Qur.aan alone sufficient for us without the Hadeeth (statements, actions, tacit approvals of the Prophet)?



Answer

No, it is not sufficient.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And We have sent down unto you (O Muhammad ) the reminder and the advice (the Qur.aan) that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought}, {Soorah an-Nahl, Aayah 44]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Indeed I have been given Qur.aan and along with it that which is like it», [Transmitted by Abu Daawood]





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Question No.48

Should we give priority to other opinions over the Word of Allaah and His Messengers?



Answer

No, we should not.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Oh you who believe, do not be forward (hasten not to decide) in the presence of Allaah and His Messenger}, {Soorah al-Hujuraat, Aayah 1]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«There is no obedience to the creatures if it means disobeying the Creator», [Transmitted by Ahmad]





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Question No.49

What should we do if we differ in the religious matters?



Answer

We should refer to holy Qur.aan and authentic Sunnah.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And if you differ in any thing amongst yourselves, refer back to Allaah and His Messenger}, {Soorah an-Nisaa., Aayah 59]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«I am leaving two things with you, you will never go astray if you hold fast to them, and they are Allaah's Book and the Sunnah», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.50

What is (al-bid'ah) innovation in religion?



Answer

It is any thing not based on evidence from Islamic law.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Or have they partners with Allaah who have instituted for them a religion which Allaah has not allowed?}, {Soorah ash-Shooraa, Aayah 21]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever adds something new in our matter (Islam), it will not be accepted», [Transmitted by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim]





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Question No.51

Is there good innovation (bid'atun hasanatun) in religion?



Answer

No, there is no good innovation in religion.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favour on you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion}, {Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 3]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Beware of new things (in the matters of religion) for every new thing is innovation, every innovation is heresy and every heresy leads to Hellfire», [Transmitted by an-Nasaa.ee]





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Question No.52

Is there such a thing as Sunnah Hasanah in Islam?



Answer

Yes, there is Sunnah Hasanah are good deeds (such as giving charity).



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{And made us leaders of the Muttaqoon (the pious)}, {Soorah al-Furqaan, Aayah 74]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Whoever introduces a good practice into Islam, will have the reward for it and the reward of those who follow his practice thereafter, yet they will lose nothing of their reward», [Transmitted by Muslim]





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Question No.53

Is it enough for a person to reform himself?



Answer

No, it is a duty on him to reform his relatives also.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{Oh you who believe! Ward off yourselves and your families against a Fire}, {Soorah at-Tahreem, Aayah 6]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«Verily Allaah will ask every shepherd about his flock. Did he protect it or lose it?», [Transmitted by an-Nasaa.ee who declared it hasan]





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Question No.54

When will Muslims be victorious?



Answer

When they apply Qur.aan and Sunnah (fully) in their lives.



Evidence from the Noble Qur.aan

{O you who believe! If you help in the cause of Allaah, He will help you, and make your foothold firm}, {Soorah Muhammed, Aayah 7]



Evidence from the authentic Sunnah

«There will always be a victorious group from my nation», [Transmitted by Ibn Maajah]





Shaykh Muhammad ibn Jameel Zeenoo

Books a Student of Knowledge Should Read

Shaykh Muhammad Amaan al-Jaamee on the Books a Student of Knowledge Should Read in the Areas of 'Aqeedah, Tafseer, Hadeeth and its Sciences, and Fiqh

Question:

The Shaykh was asked which books he advises a student of knowledge to read in the areas of ‘Aqeedah, Tafseer, Hadeeth and its science, and Fiqh.

Answer:

He specifically stated that a student should memorize and understand (in the topic of 'Aqeedah):

(1) al-Usool ath-Thalaathah,
(2) Shuroot us-Salaah wa Arkaanihaa wa Wajibaatihaa,
(3) al-Qawaa’id ul-'Arba’ah,
(4) Shuroot Laa Ilaaha illAllaah,
(5) Nawaaqid ul-Islaam, and
(6) Kitaab ut-Tawheed, all by Shaykh ul-Islaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab.

As for (7) Kashf ush-Shubuhaat, then he said that if a person memorizes it, then that is good, but he did not stress it as with the above works.

Also, he did not stress memorizing (8) al-Waasitiyyah, but instead said that a student can either memorize it or learn it and understand it well.

He also mentioned that a person should study (9) the various treatises contained in Majmoo’ Fataawaa Shaykh ul-Islaam Bin Taymiyyah (presumably al-Fatwa al-Hamawiyyah al-Kubraa, ar-Risaalat ut-Tadmuriyyah, al-'Eemaan, etc., although he did not name names), and (10) Sharh ut-Tahaawiyyah by Ibn Abee al-‘Izz al-Hanafee (d. 792) if he wants to expand his scope regarding the subject of Asmaa’ was-Sifaat.


As for the other subjects, I do not recall him specifically saying that a student should memorize anything except for the one who desires to learn about the differences between the four madhaahib in Fiqh. He said that it is befitting for such a person to memorize a matan (lower level Fiqh manual) for each of the four madhaahib.


In the area of hadeeth, he mentioned:

(1) al-Arba’een an-Nawawiyyah,
(2) ‘Umdat ul-Ahkaam, and
(3) Buloogh ul-Maraam.

Although he did not specifically say that one should memorize them, I have heard other Scholars (such as Shaykh Saalih ibn ‘Abdul-‘Azeez Aal ash-Shaykh) say that one should begin his course in hadeeth with the memorization and study of al-Arba’een. The more famous explanations for it are that of an-Nawawee (d. 676) himself, which is a very brief explanation for beginners, that of Ibn Daqeeq al-‘Eed (d. 702), which is perhaps a middle-level explanation, and that of Ibn Rajab (d. 795), which is more advanced and thorough than the rest.

The Scholars have also recommended that the more advanced and dedicated students should memorize and learn the other two: ‘Umdat ul-Ahkaam and Buloogh al-Maraam by ‘Abdul-Ghanee al-Maqdisee (d. 600) and Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalaanee (d. 852) respectively.


As for tafseer:

He said that a person should start with the tafseer of ‘Abdur-Rahmaan as-Sa’dee (d. 1376), titled Tayseer al-Kareem al-Rahmaan fee Tafseer Kalaam il-Manaan, because its author is a well-known Salafee (and hence does not fall into the same ta’weel and mistakes of the other lower-level tafaaseer, such as al-Jalaalayn).

He then said that if a person can find a Salafee teacher to guide him, he should study Fath ul-Qadeer of Shawkaanee (d. 1250) – this is because the teacher will help him:

(a) Be alert to some of the mistakes of Shawkaanee regarding as-Sifaat, and
(b) Help him with the more difficult aspects of the 'Arabic language that occur in the book.

Finally, he mentioned Tafseer Ibn Katheer, stating that it is okay if a student studies from one of the various abridgements available nowadays (like that of ar-Rifaa’ee).


Taken From 22 Question About the Salafee Da'wah.


Shaykh Muhammad Amaan ibn 'Alee al-Jaamee


Translated By: Abu 'Abdul 'Azeez al-Misree

http://www.freewebs.com/ahlussunnah/jaameebooks1.htm